Long Island Long Term

Since Superstorm Sandy hit in 2012, New York City has been designing and constructing costly flood defenses in its most populous areas, starting with the various integrated coastal protection systems designed by the studio instructor around Manhattan.

Less thought has been given to those areas where there is less density, such as the suburbs surrounding the city. In such areas, the (financial) benefits of such systems often do not outweigh costs, because there is simply less to protect. Simultaneously, the (political) culture of suburbia can be resistant to integrated, top-down and longterm solutions.